Real Estate F.A.Q.

What is real estate?

Real estate (also called real property) refers to land and things attached to land. For most consumers, real estate consists of their home and the lot surrounding it. Commercial real estate may include factories, equipment, and other facilities. In addition to buildings and equipment, resources existing on (or under) the land, including minerals and gas, are part of real estate. Some of these components of real estate can be sold separately. For example, a farmer could sell the mineral rights to a specific field to a mining company while retaining the right to farm the surface.

What are deeds for?

Deeds indicate, and are generally required to transfer, ownership of real estate. A deed contains the names of the old and new owners and a legal description of the property, and is signed by the person transferring the property. The different kinds of deeds, such as a quitclaim deed, a grant deed, or a warranty deed, transfer different interests. For example, a warranty deed assures the buyer that the seller will defend his title to the property from all other persons. A quitclaim deeds conveys only whatever title the seller owns, with no warranty against the claims of others. A warranty deed provides a buyer with the most legal protection.

Do I need a real estate broker?

It depends. A seller may employ a real estate broker to solicit potential buyers for his or her property. The seller and the broker sign a listing agreement, obliging the broker to work to find a buyer and the seller to pay the broker's commission if a sale results. A buyer may employ a real estate broker to locate suitable property. Real estate brokers are generally subject to rigorous licensing standards established by each state. As an agent, a real estate broker or salesperson has duties and obligations to the person who hired him or her. If an agreement to purchase the property is made, that agreement is strictly between the seller and buyer, and the broker is not a party to that agreement and generally makes no promises about the property.

How and why do foreclosures occur?

The most common method of financing a real estate transaction is through a loan secured by a mortgage on the property. A mortgage involves the transfer of an interest in land as security for an obligation. A borrower typically repays a mortgage in installments that include both interest and principal payments. If the borrower doesn't make payments, foreclosure can result, with the lender declaring that the entire mortgage debt is due immediately. Failure to pay the mortgage debt once foreclosure occurs leads to the sale of the property to pay for any remaining mortgage debt.

The actual foreclosure process depends on state law, the terms of the mortgage, and whether other liens exist on the property. Many states allow late payments to avoid foreclosure, and many lenders attempt to work out a payment plan in order to avoid a foreclosure. If a lender is threatening foreclosure, a borrower should immediately contact a competent and experienced real estate attorney to protect the borrower's interests and pursue all available resolutions.